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Nephrology & Renal Medicine

Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) Deficiency

ICD-10 Code
E79.8

Rare genetic defect in purine metabolism leading to massive urinary excretion of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA), which is highly insoluble. Causes radiolucent stones and crystal-induced AKI/CKD.

Clinical Presentation & Protocol

Patient Usually Complains Of

Patient presents with recurrent radiolucent nephrolithiasis and/or unexplained progressive renal insufficiency. History significant for passage of tan/brownish gravel. No response to standard calcium-based stone management. Family history suggestive of autosomal recessive inheritance.

Clinical Examination Findings

General appearance: Patient may appear in distress if experiencing renal colic. Vitals: Monitor for hypertension secondary to CKD. Skin: Inspect for potential crystal deposition (rare). Hydration status: Assess for signs of volume depletion due to polyuria or obstructive uropathy.

Treatment Protocol

Initiate high fluid intake to maintain urine output >2.5 L/day. Start Allopurinol or Febuxostat to inhibit xanthine oxidase and reduce 2,8-DHA production. Dietary restriction of purine-rich foods. Monitor serum creatinine and eGFR closely. Consider genetic counseling.

Detailed clinical guide coming soon.