Clinical Presentation & Protocol
Patient Usually Complains Of
Patient presents with symptoms suggestive of mitral valve prolapse (MVP), including palpitations, atypical chest pain, and exertional dyspnea. History is notable for [presence/absence] of syncope or near-syncope. Review of systems negative for orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. No known family history of sudden cardiac death or connective tissue disorders (e.g., Marfan syndrome).
Clinical Examination Findings
Cardiovascular exam reveals a mid-systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur at the cardiac apex, which intensifies with Valsalva maneuver and diminishes with squatting. S1 and S2 are normal. No signs of congestive heart failure, peripheral edema, or jugular venous distention. Chest auscultation clear to bilateral auscultation.
Treatment Protocol
Management plan includes periodic echocardiographic surveillance to monitor for progression of mitral regurgitation or left ventricular dilation. Beta-blockers initiated for symptomatic control of palpitations and chest pain. Patient advised on lifestyle modifications, including avoidance of excessive stimulants. Surgical intervention (mitral valve repair) reserved for severe regurgitation or symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction.