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Nephrology & Renal Medicine

Collapsing Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

ICD-10 Code
N04.1

A highly aggressive variant of FSGS characterized by segmental or global collapse of the glomerular tuft and podocyte hyperplasia. Often associated with APOL1 genetic risk variants, HIV infection (HIVAN), or severe ischemia. Carries a poor prognosis.

Clinical Presentation & Protocol

Patient Usually Complains Of

Patient presents with rapid onset of nephrotic-range proteinuria and progressive decline in eGFR. History significant for [HIV status/APOL1 risk/idiopathic]. Symptoms include generalized edema, foamy urine, and fatigue. No prior history of chronic kidney disease.

Clinical Examination Findings

Physical exam reveals significant pitting edema (lower extremities/presacral), hypertension, and signs of volume overload. Patient appears chronically ill with evidence of muscle wasting. Weight gain noted since last visit.

Treatment Protocol

Initiate aggressive management: ACE inhibitor/ARB for antiproteinuric effect, loop diuretics for edema control, and statins for hyperlipidemia. Consider immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors) based on biopsy findings and underlying etiology. Monitor eGFR and UPCR closely.

Detailed clinical guide coming soon.