Medical Condition

Hematology / Blood Disorders

Hematology / Blood Disorders ICD-10: T80.89

Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO)

Acute respiratory distress following transfusion due to volume overload.

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Medical Disclaimer

This condition guide is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider regarding any symptoms or medical conditions.

Clinical Assessment & Protocol

Typical Presentation (HPI)

EN: Patient developed dyspnea and hypertension shortly after receiving red cell transfusion. AR: أصيب المريض بضيق تنفس وارتفاع ضغط الدم بعد فترة وجيزة من تلقي نقل كريات الدم الحمراء.

General Examination

EN: Crackles on lung auscultation, jugular venous distension, and peripheral edema. AR: خراخر عند فحص الرئتين، انتفاخ الوريد الوداجي، ووذمة محيطية.

Treatment Protocol

EN: Diuretics and oxygen support. AR: مدرات البول ودعم الأكسجين.

Patient Education

EN: Future transfusions must be administered slowly with diuretic coverage. AR: يجب أن تتم عمليات نقل الدم المستقبلية ببطء مع تغطية بمدرات البول.

Systemic & Specialized Examinations

Cardiovascular

EN: S1, S2 present. No murmurs. AR: صوتا القلب الأول والثاني طبيعيان. لا توجد نفخات.

Respiratory

EN: Lungs clear to auscultation. AR: الرئتان صافيتان عند التسمع.

Gastrointestinal

EN: Abdomen soft, non-tender. AR: البطن لين ولا يوجد ألم.

Neurological

EN: Alert, oriented x3. No focal deficits. AR: المريض واعي ومدرك. لا يوجد عجز عصبي بؤري.

Dermatological

EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.

Psychiatric

EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.

OB/GYN

EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.

Ophthalmic

EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.

Dental

EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.

Orthopedic & Trauma Assessments

Range of Motion

EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.

Local Examination

EN: Unremarkable or not routinely indicated. AR: طبيعي أو غير مطلوب روتينياً.

Comprehensive Clinical Guide: Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO)

Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) represents one of the most significant yet frequently underdiagnosed complications of blood component therapy. As a leading cause of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality, TACO necessitates a sophisticated understanding of fluid management, cardiovascular reserve, and the physiological impact of intravenous volume expansion.

This guide serves as an authoritative clinical reference for clinicians, transfusion medicine specialists, and nursing staff involved in the administration of blood products.

1. Introduction and Clinical Overview

TACO is defined as a transfusion reaction characterized by acute respiratory distress, hypertension, and evidence of cardiovascular system overload occurring within six hours of the transfusion of blood products. Unlike Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI), which is primarily an immune-mediated inflammatory process, TACO is a hydrostatic phenomenon driven by the patient’s inability to accommodate the volume or rate of the transfused product.

The Clinical Significance

Prevalence: TACO is the second most common cause of transfusion-related death reported to the FDA.
Risk Groups: Patients with pre-existing congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and advanced age are at highest risk.
Impact: It leads to prolonged hospital stays, increased risk of mechanical ventilation, and significant strain on cardiac output.

2. Pathophysiology and Technical Mechanisms

The pathophysiology of TACO is rooted in the disruption of Starling’s forces within the pulmonary capillary bed. When the rate or volume of transfusion exceeds the patient's cardiovascular capacity, the following cascade occurs:

The Mechanism of Overload

Volume Expansion: Rapid infusion increases intravascular hydrostatic pressure.
Left Ventricular (LV) Dysfunction: Patients with limited LV reserve cannot effectively pump the additional volume (preload).
Hydrostatic Pressure Rise: Increased left atrial pressure is transmitted to the pulmonary capillaries.
Pulmonary Edema: Once the hydrostatic pressure exceeds the oncotic pressure of the plasma, fluid transudates into the pulmonary interstitium and alveolar spaces.

Key Physiological Contributors

Fluid Accumulation: The "third-space" fluid shifts common in surgical patients often mobilize back into the intravascular compartment, compounding the volume added by the transfusion.
Rate of Infusion: A rapid bolus of even a small volume (e.g., 250mL) in a compromised patient can trigger acute decompensation.

3. Clinical Staging and Grading

The International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) and the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) provide criteria for the diagnosis of TACO. Clinical presentation is graded based on the severity of respiratory distress and the requirement for ventilatory support.

Diagnostic Criteria (Must meet 3 or more)

Criterion	Description
Acute Respiratory Distress	Dyspnea, tachypnea, or oxygen saturation <90%.
Evidence of Cardiovascular System Overload	Hypertension (often >150/90), tachycardia, or widened pulse pressure.
Evidence of Pulmonary Edema	Radiographic evidence or clinical signs (crackles, S3 gallop).
Evidence of Cardiovascular System Failure	Elevated BNP or evidence of LV dysfunction on echocardiogram.
Fluid Balance	Positive fluid balance at the time of the reaction.

4. Differential Diagnosis: TACO vs. TRALI

Distinguishing TACO from TRALI is the most critical diagnostic challenge in transfusion medicine.

Feature	TACO	TRALI
Pathophysiology	Hydrostatic (Volume Overload)	Inflammatory (Immune-mediated)
Blood Pressure	Hypertension	Hypotension (common)
BNP Levels	Markedly Elevated	Normal or Low
Response to Diuretics	Rapid Improvement	Little to no effect
Fluid Balance	Positive	Variable
Chest X-ray	Cardiomegaly/Pulmonary Edema	Bilateral infiltrates (non-cardiogenic)

5. Diagnostic Testing and Clinical Assessment

To confirm a diagnosis of TACO, a multi-modal approach is required.

Key Laboratory and Imaging Markers

Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) / NT-proBNP: These are the gold standards. A significant increase from baseline levels is highly suggestive of TACO.
Chest Radiography (CXR): Look for pulmonary edema, cardiomegaly, and pleural effusions.
Echocardiography: Essential to evaluate left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and assess for diastolic dysfunction.
Fluid Intake/Output (I/O) Records: A review of the 24-hour fluid balance is mandatory for retrospective diagnosis.

6. Management and Treatment Protocols

Once TACO is suspected, the transfusion must be stopped immediately.

Stop Transfusion: Discontinue the blood component immediately.
Positioning: Place the patient in an upright (high-Fowler’s) position to reduce venous return.
Diuresis: Administer intravenous loop diuretics (e.g., Furosemide). This is the definitive treatment.
Oxygen Support: Provide supplemental oxygen; escalate to non-invasive ventilation (BiPAP) if necessary to improve gas exchange.
Monitoring: Continuous pulse oximetry, blood pressure monitoring, and frequent auscultation of the lungs.

7. Risks, Contraindications, and Prevention

Prevention is the most effective strategy for managing TACO.

Risk Mitigation Strategies

Slow Infusion Rates: Limit the rate of transfusion to 1 mL/kg/hour in patients at risk.
Volume Restriction: Consider splitting units (e.g., ordering 150mL aliquots of RBCs) to prevent unnecessary volume administration.
Prophylactic Diuretics: Administering a low-dose diuretic between units of blood in patients with known CHF.
Weight-Based Dosing: Carefully calculate volume requirements based on patient body weight and cardiac history.

8. Massive FAQ Section: Frequently Asked Questions

1. Is TACO considered an allergic reaction?

No. TACO is a physical, hydrostatic overload of the cardiovascular system. It does not involve the immune system in the way that anaphylaxis or TRALI does.

2. Can TACO occur after the transfusion is finished?

Yes. Clinical symptoms may manifest up to six hours post-transfusion.

3. What is the role of BNP in diagnosing TACO?

BNP is released by the heart in response to ventricular stretch. Elevated BNP is a highly sensitive marker for volume overload and is the primary tool for differentiating TACO from TRALI.

4. Should I always give diuretics before a transfusion?

Not necessarily. Routine use of diuretics is not recommended unless the patient has a known history of heart failure or is deemed high-risk by the attending physician.

5. How much fluid is "too much" for a patient?

There is no universal volume. "Too much" is relative to the patient's cardiac reserve. A small volume in an elderly patient with severe diastolic dysfunction may trigger TACO, whereas a healthy adult may tolerate several units without issue.

6. Does TACO cause fever?

No. Fever is typically associated with Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions (FNHTR) or septic reactions. If a fever is present, clinicians should investigate other causes.

7. Is TACO fatal?

While often manageable, severe TACO can lead to respiratory failure, multi-organ failure, and death, particularly in the frail elderly population.

8. What is the most effective way to prevent TACO in chronic anemia patients?

For patients with chronic anemia, slower infusion rates and the use of diuretics are standard practice to prevent the sudden expansion of plasma volume.

9. Can TACO be prevented by using washed red blood cells?

No. Washing red blood cells removes plasma proteins but does not reduce the volume of the product. The volume is the primary driver of TACO.

10. Does a negative CXR rule out TACO?

Not entirely. While radiographic signs are common, early-stage TACO may present with clinical symptoms (dyspnea, hypertension) before overt pulmonary edema is visible on an X-ray.

9. Long-Term Prognosis and Monitoring

The long-term prognosis for patients who experience TACO is generally favorable provided the episode is recognized early. However, the occurrence of TACO serves as a clinical "red flag" indicating that the patient has limited cardiovascular reserve.

Recommendations for Future Care

Transfusion Planning: Future transfusions should be handled with extreme caution, utilizing reduced rates and potential prophylactic diuresis.
Cardiology Referral: Patients who experience TACO should undergo a formal cardiac evaluation to optimize the management of underlying heart failure or valvular disease.
Documentation: Ensure the reaction is documented in the electronic health record (EHR) to alert future medical teams of the patient's volume sensitivity.

Disclaimer: This guide is intended for educational purposes for healthcare professionals. Clinical decisions should always be made based on the individual patient’s condition, institutional protocols, and current medical guidelines. Always consult with a Hematology or Transfusion Medicine specialist when managing complex transfusion reactions.

Treatment & Management Options

Recommended Medications

Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)

Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide) for symptomatic fluid overload (if indicated for comfort)

Medical Procedures / Surgeries

3D Mapping (CARTO/EnSite)

Diagnostic Intervention

AC Joint Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

AC Joint Reconstruction (Weaver-Dunn)

Surgery / Invasive

ACL Reconstruction (Allograft)

Surgery / Invasive

ACL Reconstruction (Hamstring Autograft)

Surgery / Invasive

ACL Reconstruction (Hamstring Graft)

Surgery / Invasive

ACL Reconstruction (Patellar Tendon Autograft)

Surgery / Invasive

ACL Reconstruction (Patellar Tendon Graft)

Surgery / Invasive

AF Ablation (PVI)

Surgery / Invasive

Abdominoplasty (Tummy Tuck)

Surgery / Invasive

Above-Knee Amputation (Transfemoral) for Tumor

Surgery / Invasive

Achilles Tendon Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Achilles Tendon Repair (Open/Percutaneous)

Surgery / Invasive

Acromioplasty (Open)

Surgery / Invasive

Activity Modification Counseling

Other Procedure

Airway Stent Placement (Silicone/Metal)

Surgery / Invasive

Alcohol Septal Ablation

Other Procedure

Alveolar Bone Grafting

Surgery / Invasive

Ambulatory BP Monitoring

Diagnostic Intervention

Ambulatory ECG Monitoring (Holter) - Extended

Diagnostic Intervention

Diagnostic Intervention

Amputation (Above Knee)

Surgery / Invasive

Amputation (Below Knee)

Surgery / Invasive

Amputation (Upper Extremity - e.g., Forearm/Arm)

Surgery / Invasive

Amputation (Upper Extremity)

Surgery / Invasive

Aneurysm Clipping (Open)

Surgery / Invasive

Aneurysm Coiling (Endovascular)

Surgery / Invasive

Ankle Arthrodesis (Fusion)

Surgery / Invasive

Ankle Arthroscopy (Diagnostic/Debridement)

Surgery / Invasive

Ankle Sprain Rehab Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Ankle Sprain Rehabilitation Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF)

Surgery / Invasive

Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF)

Surgery / Invasive

Anterolateral Thigh (ALT) Free Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Anti-reflux Mucosectomy (ARMS)

Surgery / Invasive

Aortic Arch Replacement

Surgery / Invasive

Aortic Root Replacement (Bentall Procedure)

Surgery / Invasive

Aortic Root Replacement (Bentall)

Surgery / Invasive

Aortic Valve Replacement - Bioprosthetic

Surgery / Invasive

Aortic Valve Replacement - Mechanical

Surgery / Invasive

Diagnostic Intervention

Aquablation of the Prostate

Surgery / Invasive

Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC) - Endobronchial

Surgery / Invasive

Arterial Line Placement

Surgery / Invasive

Arthrocentesis (Joint Aspiration)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic AC Joint Resection (Distal Clavicle Excision)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Ankle Impingement Debridement

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Biceps Tenodesis

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Biceps Tenodesis / Tenotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Capsular Release (Frozen Shoulder)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Chondroplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Distal Clavicle Excision (Mumford Procedure)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) Correction

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Labral Repair (Bankart/SLAP)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Labral Repair (Hip)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Loose Body Removal (Hip)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Loose Body Removal (Knee)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Medial Plica Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Meniscus Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Microfracture (Cartilage Repair)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Osteochondral Lesion Repair (Elbow)

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression

Surgery / Invasive

Arthroscopic Synovectomy and Loose Body Removal

Surgery / Invasive

Artificial Disc Replacement (Cervical)

Surgery / Invasive

Artificial Disc Replacement (Lumbar)

Surgery / Invasive

Artificial Urinary Sphincter (AUS) Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Ascending Aorta Replacement

Surgery / Invasive

Aspiration Therapy (AspireAssist)

Surgery / Invasive

Aspiration of Joint Effusion

Other Procedure

Aspiration of Joint Effusion (Diagnostic)

Diagnostic Intervention

Atrial Flutter Ablation

Surgery / Invasive

Atrial Septal Defect Closure

Surgery / Invasive

Atrial Septostomy (Balloon/Blade)

Surgery / Invasive

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) (Knee)

Surgery / Invasive

Autonomic Function Testing

Diagnostic Intervention

Back Slab Splint Application

Other Procedure

Balance & Proprioception Training

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Balloon Pericardiotomy

Other Procedure

Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty (BPA)

Surgery / Invasive

Baroreflex Activation Therapy (BAT)

Other Procedure

Baroreflex Activation Therapy (BAT) Implant

Surgery / Invasive

Barrett's Ablation - APC

Surgery / Invasive

Barrett's Ablation - Cryotherapy

Surgery / Invasive

Barrett's Ablation - Cryotherapy (Liquid nitrogen)

Surgery / Invasive

Barrett's Ablation - Radiofrequency (HALO)

Surgery / Invasive

Barrett's Ablation - Radiofrequency Ablation (HALO)

Surgery / Invasive

Bartholin Gland Marsupialization / I&D

Surgery / Invasive

Basic Wound Dressing Change

Other Procedure

Below-Knee Amputation (Transtibial) for Tumor

Surgery / Invasive

BiVAD Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (BIS) for Dry Weight

Diagnostic Intervention

Blepharoplasty (Upper/Lower)

Surgery / Invasive

Body Plethysmography

Diagnostic Intervention

Bone Biopsy (Percutaneous)

Other Procedure

Bone Biopsy (Percutaneous, Image-Guided)

Diagnostic Intervention

Bone Grafting (Allograft - Cadaveric)

Surgery / Invasive

Bone Grafting (Allograft)

Surgery / Invasive

Bone Grafting (Autograft - Iliac Crest)

Surgery / Invasive

Bone Grafting (Autograft)

Surgery / Invasive

Bone Grafting (Sinus Lift / Ridge Augmentation)

Surgery / Invasive

Bone Marrow Aspiration (Cardiac)

Diagnostic Intervention

Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cell Therapy

Other Procedure

Bone Tumor Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Bone Tumor Excision (Limb Salvage)

Surgery / Invasive

Botulinum Toxin Injection

Surgery / Invasive

Botulinum Toxin Injection for Masseter Hypertrophy

Surgery / Invasive

Breast Augmentation (Silicone/Saline)

Surgery / Invasive

Bronchial Thermoplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)

Diagnostic Intervention

Bunionectomy (Hallux Valgus Correction)

Surgery / Invasive

Buttonhole Cannulation Technique Training

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

CABG - Off Pump (OPCAB)

Surgery / Invasive

CMC Arthroplasty (Thumb - LRTI)

Surgery / Invasive

CPAP/BiPAP Titration Study

Diagnostic Intervention

Surgery / Invasive

CRT-P (Biventricular Pacemaker)

Surgery / Invasive

CTO PCI (Complex)

Surgery / Invasive

Calf Implant Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Capsular Shift (Multidirectional Instability)

Surgery / Invasive

Capsule Endoscopy (PillCam COLON 2)

Diagnostic Intervention

Capsule Endoscopy (PillCam ESO)

Diagnostic Intervention

Capsule Endoscopy (PillCam PAN)

Diagnostic Intervention

Capsule Endoscopy (PillCam SB3)

Diagnostic Intervention

Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM)

Other Procedure

Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM) Implant

Surgery / Invasive

Cardiac Myxoma Resection

Surgery / Invasive

Cardiac Rehabilitation (Session)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT-P)

Surgery / Invasive

Cardiac Shockwave Therapy

Other Procedure

Cardioneuroablation

Surgery / Invasive

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test

Diagnostic Intervention

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET)

Diagnostic Intervention

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Other Procedure

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (if indicated)

Other Procedure

Cardioversion (DCCV)

Other Procedure

Carotid Artery Stenting

Surgery / Invasive

Carotid Endarterectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA)

Surgery / Invasive

Carpal Tunnel Release

Surgery / Invasive

Carpal Tunnel Release (Endoscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Carpal Tunnel Release (Open)

Surgery / Invasive

Caudal Epidural Injection

Injection / Infusion

Cavus Foot Correction

Surgery / Invasive

Cemented Hemiarthroplasty for Pathologic Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

Central Venous Catheter (CVC) Placement

Surgery / Invasive

Cervical Cerclage

Surgery / Invasive

Cervical Corpectomy for Tumor

Surgery / Invasive

Cervical Laminectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Cervical Laminoplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Cervical Radiculopathy Rehab Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Cervical Radiculopathy Rehabilitation

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Cervical Spinal Fusion (ACDF)

Surgery / Invasive

Cesarean Section (Lower Uterine Segment)

Surgery / Invasive

Chalazion Incision and Curettage (I&C)

Surgery / Invasive

Chemical Pleurodesis (Talc/Doxycycline)

Surgery / Invasive

Chemodenervation for Spasticity

Surgery / Invasive

Chest Wall Resection and Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Cholangioscopy (SpyGlass) with Lithotripsy

Surgery / Invasive

Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) PCI

Surgery / Invasive

Circumcision (Adult)

Surgery / Invasive

Cleft Lip / Palate Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Cleft Lip Repair (Cheiloplasty)

Surgery / Invasive

Cleft Palate Repair (Palatoplasty)

Surgery / Invasive

Cleft Rhinoplasty (Definitive)

Surgery / Invasive

Clitoral Hood Reduction

Surgery / Invasive

Closed Reduction - Ankle Fracture/Dislocation

Other Procedure

Closed Reduction - Distal Radius Fracture

Other Procedure

Closed Reduction - Finger Dislocation

Other Procedure

Closed Reduction - Joint Dislocation (e.g., Elbow/Knee)

Other Procedure

Closed Reduction - Long Bone Fracture

Other Procedure

Closed Reduction - Patella Dislocation

Other Procedure

Closed Reduction - Shoulder Dislocation

Other Procedure

Closed Reduction and Casting

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Closed Reduction and Casting - Distal Radius

Other Procedure

Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning (CRPP) - Distal Radius

Surgery / Invasive

Clubfoot Casting (Ponseti Method)

Surgery / Invasive

Clubfoot Correction (Extensive Soft Tissue Release)

Surgery / Invasive

Clubfoot Correction (Ponseti Method)

Surgery / Invasive

Coaptation Splint Application

Other Procedure

Colposcopy with Cervical Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

Compartment Syndrome Fasciotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Complex Wound Care

Other Procedure

Conduction System Pacing (LBBAP)

Surgery / Invasive

Congenital Vertical Talus Correction

Surgery / Invasive

Congenital Vertical Talus Correction (Rock-Bottom Flatfoot)

Surgery / Invasive

Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) Initiation

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Continuous Video EEG Monitoring

Diagnostic Intervention

Convergent AF Ablation

Surgery / Invasive

Core Needle Biopsy of Bone Tumor (US/CT Guided)

Diagnostic Intervention

Core Needle Biopsy of Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Diagnostic Intervention

Core Stabilization Exercises (Spine)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Corneal Transplant (Penetrating Keratoplasty - PKP)

Surgery / Invasive

Coronary Angiography

Diagnostic Intervention

Coronary Angiography (Left Heart Cath)

Diagnostic Intervention

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) - Off Pump (OPCAB)

Surgery / Invasive

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) - On Pump

Surgery / Invasive

Coronary Flow Reserve (CFR)

Diagnostic Intervention

Coronary Sinus Reducer

Surgery / Invasive

Coronary Sinus Reducer Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Corpectomy (Cervical)

Surgery / Invasive

Corpus Callosotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Craniotomy for Tumor Resection

Surgery / Invasive

Cricothyroidotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Cross-Facial Nerve Graft

Surgery / Invasive

Cryoablation of Bone Tumor

Surgery / Invasive

Cryotherapy / Cryobiopsy - Endobronchial

Surgery / Invasive

Curettage and Bone Grafting of Hand Enchondroma

Surgery / Invasive

Curettage of Calcaneal Bone Cyst

Surgery / Invasive

Curettage with Adjuvant Therapy (Phenol/Cryotherapy/Argon)

Surgery / Invasive

Custom 3D-Printed Pelvic Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Custom Orthosis Fitting

Other Procedure

Custom Orthosis Fitting (Spine/Limb)

Other Procedure

DBE - Total enteroscopy

Diagnostic Intervention

DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

DLCO (Diffusion Capacity of Carbon Monoxide)

Diagnostic Intervention

Darrach Procedure (for Tumor)

Surgery / Invasive

David Procedure (Valve-Sparing Root Replacement)

Surgery / Invasive

David Procedure (Valve-Sparing)

Surgery / Invasive

De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis Release

Surgery / Invasive

Debridement & Irrigation of Septic Joint

Surgery / Invasive

Debridement of Necrotizing Infection

Surgery / Invasive

Debridement of Open Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

Debridement of Open Fracture (Gustilo)

Surgery / Invasive

Debridement of Osteomyelitis

Surgery / Invasive

Debridement of Osteomyelitis (Sequestrectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery (DCIA) Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Deep Plane Rhytidectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Dental Crown Preparation and Cementation

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Dental Implant Placement (Endosseous)

Surgery / Invasive

Descending Aorta Replacement

Surgery / Invasive

Diagnostic Arthroscopy - Ankle

Diagnostic Intervention

Diagnostic Arthroscopy - Knee

Diagnostic Intervention

Diagnostic Arthroscopy - Shoulder

Diagnostic Intervention

Diagnostic Cystoscopy (Flexible)

Diagnostic Intervention

Diagnostic Cystoscopy (Rigid)

Diagnostic Intervention

Diaphyseal Intercalary Resection of Tibia

Surgery / Invasive

Dilation and Curettage (D&C)

Surgery / Invasive

Direct Current Cardioversion (DCCV)

Other Procedure

Discography (Cervical/Lumbar)

Diagnostic Intervention

Distal Biceps Tendon Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Distal Femoral Osteotomy (DFO)

Surgery / Invasive

Distal Femoral Osteotomy for Genu Valgum (Knock-Knee)

Surgery / Invasive

Distal Fibulectomy (Tumor Resection)

Surgery / Invasive

Distal Radioulnar Joint (DRUJ) Arthroplasty (Sauve-Kapandji)

Surgery / Invasive

Distal Radius Resection with Fibular Autograft Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Distraction Osteogenesis (Mandible)

Surgery / Invasive

Double Valve Replacement (AVR + MVR)

Surgery / Invasive

Double-Balloon Enteroscopy (DBE) - Antegrade

Diagnostic Intervention

Double-Balloon Enteroscopy - Retrograde

Diagnostic Intervention

Double-J (DJ) Stent Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Double-J Stent Removal

Surgery / Invasive

Dupuytren's Fasciectomy

Surgery / Invasive

ECMO - Veno-Arterial (VA-ECMO)

Other Procedure

ECMO - Veno-Venous (VV-ECMO)

Other Procedure

ECMO Cannulation

Surgery / Invasive

EFTR - Over-the-scope clip (OTSC) assisted

Surgery / Invasive

EMG/Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) Referral

Diagnostic Intervention

EMR - Cap assisted

Surgery / Invasive

EMR - Underwater (U-EMR)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Ampullectomy (Endoscopic papillectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Bilateral Hilar Stenting (Stent-in-Stent)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Biliary Sphincterotomy

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Biliary Stent Placement (Fully covered SEMS)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Biliary Stent Placement (Plastic 5-12Fr)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Biliary Stent Placement (Uncovered SEMS)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Biliary Stone Extraction (Balloon/Basket)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Cholangioscopy (SpyGlass) Guided Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

ERCP - Cyst Duct Stenting (Mirizzi syndrome)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy (EHL)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Laser Lithotripsy

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Mechanical Lithotripsy

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Minor Papilla Cannulation

Diagnostic Intervention

ERCP - Minor Papilla Sphincterotomy

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Pancreatic Sphincterotomy

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Pancreatic Stent Placement

Surgery / Invasive

ERCP - Pancreatic Stone Extraction

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

ESD - Stomach (Antrum)

Surgery / Invasive

ESD - Stomach (Body/ Fundus)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Biliary Drainage (EUS-BD) - Antegrade stenting

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Biliary Drainage (EUS-BD) - Choledochoduodenostomy

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Biliary Drainage (EUS-BD) - Hepaticogastrostomy

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Celiac Plexus Block (CPB) with steroids

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Celiac Plexus Neurolysis (CPN)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Cystogastrostomy (Lumen-apposing metal stent)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Cystogastrostomy (Plastic stent double pigtail)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - FNA of Left Adrenal Gland

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS - FNA of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS - Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) of Pancreas

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS - Fine Needle Biopsy (FNB) of Pancreas

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS - Fine Needle Injection (FNI) of Pancreatic Cysts

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Gallbladder Drainage (EUS-GBD)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Gastric Varices Coil Embolization

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Pancreatic Duct Drainage (EUS-PD)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS - Portal Pressure Gradient Measurement

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS - Staging of Esophageal Cancer (EUS-TNM)

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS - Staging of Gastric Cancer

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS - Staging of Pancreatic Cancer (Resectability)

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS - Staging of Rectal Cancer

Diagnostic Intervention

EUS-Celiac Plexus Neurolysis (CPN)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS-guided Biliary Drainage (EUS-BD)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS-guided Cystogastrostomy (LAMS)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS-guided Gallbladder Drainage (EUS-GBD)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS-guided Gallbladder Drainage (LAMS)

Surgery / Invasive

EUS-guided Rendezvous ERCP (Failed papilla cannulation)

Surgery / Invasive

EVAC - Esophageal perforation

Surgery / Invasive

EVAR (Endovascular AAA Repair)

Surgery / Invasive

Elbow Arthroscopy (Diagnostic/Debridement)

Surgery / Invasive

Electroencephalogram (EEG) - Routine

Diagnostic Intervention

Electromyography (EMG)

Diagnostic Intervention

Electrophysiology Study (EPS)

Diagnostic Intervention

En Bloc Spondylectomy

Surgery / Invasive

En-Bloc Capsulectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS-TBNA)

Diagnostic Intervention

Endobronchial Valve Placement (Zephyr/Spiration)

Surgery / Invasive

Endometrial Ablation

Surgery / Invasive

Endomyocardial Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

Endoscopic Balloon Dilation (Through-the-scope)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Balloon Dilation (Wire-guided bougie)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Brow Lift

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Full-Thickness Resection (EFTR)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Fundoplication (GERD-X)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - APC (Argon Plasma)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - Band Ligation (Varices)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - Clipping (Through-scope)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - Combination therapy (Epinephrine + Clip)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - Epinephrine injection

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - Hemospray (TC-325)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - Hemostatic Forceps (Coagrasper)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - Over-the-scope Clip (OTSC)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Hemostasis - Sclerotherapy (EVS)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) - Piecemeal

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) - Standard snare

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Pyloromyotomy (G-POEM) - Diabetic GP

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Pyloromyotomy - Post-surgical GP

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) - Diagnostic

Diagnostic Intervention

Endoscopic Revision - Gastric Band (Slippage)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Revision - Gastric Bypass (Pouch dilation)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Revision of Bariatric Surgery (Roux-en-Y)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty with Pyloric sparing

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Stent Placement (Colon - Through scope)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Stent Placement (Colon)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Stent Placement (Duodenum)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Stent Placement (Esophagus - Fully covered)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Stent Placement (Esophagus - Partially covered)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Stent Placement (Esophagus)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Stricturotomy (IT-knife)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Stricturotomy (Needle-knife)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) - Esophagus

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) - Gastric

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy (EVAC)

Surgery / Invasive

Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy (EVAC) - Anastomotic leak

Surgery / Invasive

Endotracheal Intubation

Surgery / Invasive

Endovascular Mechanical Thrombectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP)

Other Procedure

Epicardial VT Ablation

Surgery / Invasive

Epicondyle Injection (Elbow - Steroid)

Injection / Infusion

Surgery / Invasive

Epidural Steroid Injection (ESI - Cervical)

Injection / Infusion

Epidural Steroid Injection (ESI - Lumbar)

Injection / Infusion

Event Monitor Placement

Other Procedure

Evoked Potentials (VEP, BAER, SSEP)

Diagnostic Intervention

Excision of Benign Oral Tumor/Cyst

Surgery / Invasive

Excision of Lipoma/Small Soft Tissue Mass

Surgery / Invasive

Excision of Morton's Neuroma

Surgery / Invasive

Excision of Osteochondroma (Exostosectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Excision of Osteoid Osteoma (Talus/Calcaneus)

Surgery / Invasive

Excision of Subungual Glomus Tumor

Surgery / Invasive

Extensive Open Synovectomy (Knee/Hip)

Surgery / Invasive

Extensor Tendon Repair (Hand)

Surgery / Invasive

External Fixation Application (Lower Extremity)

Surgery / Invasive

External Fixation Application (Upper Extremity)

Surgery / Invasive

External Ventricular Drain (EVD) Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Extracorporeal CPR (eCPR) Cannulation

Surgery / Invasive

Extracorporeal Cytokine Adsorption (CytoSorb)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Extracorporeal Irradiation and Reimplantation (ECI)

Surgery / Invasive

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

Surgery / Invasive

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) Medical Management

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Extracranial-Intracranial (EC-IC) Bypass

Surgery / Invasive

FTM Top Surgery: Double Incision

Surgery / Invasive

FTM Top Surgery: Periareolar/Keyhole

Surgery / Invasive

Facet Joint Injection (Cervical/Lumbar - Diagnostic/Therapeutic)

Injection / Infusion

Facet Joint Injection (Cervical/Lumbar)

Injection / Infusion

Facial Feminization: Frontal Sinus Setback

Surgery / Invasive

Facial Feminization: Mandibular Angle Reduction

Surgery / Invasive

Fat Grafting (Autologous Fat Transfer)

Surgery / Invasive

Femoral Derotational Osteotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Femoral Osteotomy for DDH

Surgery / Invasive

Fibula Free Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Fibular Free Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Fibular Shaft Resection (En Bloc)

Surgery / Invasive

Finger Joint Arthroplasty (MCP/PIP)

Surgery / Invasive

Flatfoot Reconstruction (Adult Acquired)

Surgery / Invasive

Flexible Bronchoscopy (Diagnostic)

Diagnostic Intervention

Flexor Tendon Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Flexor Tendon Repair (Hand)

Surgery / Invasive

Fluid balance monitoring

Other Procedure

Fluid management during hemodialysis

Other Procedure

Fluid resuscitation

Other Procedure

Foraminotomy (Cervical)

Surgery / Invasive

Foraminotomy (Lumbar)

Surgery / Invasive

Foreign Body Removal (Superficial)

Surgery / Invasive

Forequarter Amputation

Surgery / Invasive

Fractional Excretion Indices Calculation (FeNa, FeUrea)

Diagnostic Intervention

Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR)

Diagnostic Intervention

Frozen Elephant Trunk Procedure

Surgery / Invasive

Full-Thickness Skin Graft (FTSG)

Surgery / Invasive

Ganglion Cyst Aspiration

Injection / Infusion

Ganglion Cyst Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Ganglion Cyst Excision (Endoscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Ganglion Cyst Excision (Open/Arthroscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Gastric POEM (G-POEM) for Gastroparesis

Surgery / Invasive

Gastric Peroral Endoscopic Pyloromyotomy (G-POEM)

Surgery / Invasive

Gastrostomy Tube (G-Tube) Placement

Surgery / Invasive

Gingivectomy / Crown Lengthening

Surgery / Invasive

Gluteal Augmentation (BBL)

Surgery / Invasive

Gluteus Medius Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Gracilis Muscle Free Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Gynecomastia Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Hammertoe/Clawtoe Correction

Surgery / Invasive

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Analysis

Diagnostic Intervention

Heart Transplant

Surgery / Invasive

Heart Transplant - Heterotopic (Piggyback)

Surgery / Invasive

Heart Transplant - Orthotopic

Surgery / Invasive

Heart Valve Replacement - Bioprosthetic Aortic

Surgery / Invasive

Heart Valve Replacement - Bioprosthetic Mitral

Surgery / Invasive

Heart Valve Replacement - Mechanical Aortic

Surgery / Invasive

Heart Valve Replacement - Mechanical Mitral

Surgery / Invasive

Heart-Lung Transplant

Surgery / Invasive

Hemiarthroplasty (Hip)

Surgery / Invasive

Hemiarthroplasty (Shoulder)

Surgery / Invasive

Hemicortical Resection (Surface Osteosarcoma)

Surgery / Invasive

Hemiepiphysiodesis (Guided Growth)

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Hemodialysis Catheter (Permcath) Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Hemoperfusion (Charcoal/Resin Cartridge)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Hemorrhoidectomy (Excisional)

Surgery / Invasive

High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO)

Surgery / Invasive

High-Risk PCI (Impella Support)

Surgery / Invasive

Hip Arthroscopy (Diagnostic/Debridement)

Surgery / Invasive

Hip Disarticulation

Surgery / Invasive

Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostate (HoLEP)

Surgery / Invasive

Holter Monitor Placement

Other Procedure

Hybrid AF Ablation

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Diagnostic Intervention

Surgery / Invasive

ICD - Dual Chamber

Surgery / Invasive

ICD - Single Chamber

Surgery / Invasive

IUD (Intrauterine Device) Insertion/Removal

Surgery / Invasive

Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion

Surgery / Invasive

Iliopsoas Release

Surgery / Invasive

Impella (LV Support Device) Insertion

Other Procedure

Impella 5.5 Surgical Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Impella Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) - Single Chamber

Surgery / Invasive

In Situ Pinning for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)

Surgery / Invasive

Incision and Drainage (Abscess)

Surgery / Invasive

Incision and Drainage of Fascial Space Infection

Surgery / Invasive

Incisional Biopsy of Oral Mucosa

Surgery / Invasive

Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio (iFR)

Diagnostic Intervention

Intercalary Allograft/Prosthesis Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Intermittent Hemodialysis Prescription & Initiation

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Internal Hemipelvectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) Insertion

Other Procedure

Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection

Injection / Infusion

Intra-articular Hip Injection (Corticosteroid - often US/Fluoro guided)

Injection / Infusion

Intra-articular Hip Injection (Steroid)

Injection / Infusion

Intra-articular Knee Injection (Corticosteroid)

Injection / Infusion

Intra-articular Knee Injection (Hyaluronic Acid/Viscosupplementation)

Injection / Infusion

Intra-articular Knee Injection (PRP - Platelet-Rich Plasma)

Injection / Infusion

Intra-articular Knee Injection (Steroid)

Injection / Infusion

Intra-articular Shoulder Injection (Corticosteroid)

Injection / Infusion

Intra-articular Shoulder Injection (Steroid)

Injection / Infusion

Intracardiac Echocardiography (ICE)

Diagnostic Intervention

Intracavernosal Injection Therapy (ICI)

Injection / Infusion

Intragastric Balloon (Obalon - Gas-filled)

Surgery / Invasive

Intragastric Balloon (Orbera 6 months)

Surgery / Invasive

Intragastric Balloon (Spatz - Adjustable)

Surgery / Invasive

Intragastric Balloon Placement

Surgery / Invasive

Intralesional Collagenase Injection (Xiaflex)

Injection / Infusion

Intralesional Curettage and Bone Grafting

Surgery / Invasive

Intramedullary Nailing (Femoral Shaft Fracture)

Surgery / Invasive

Intramedullary Nailing (Femoral Shaft)

Surgery / Invasive

Intramedullary Nailing (Fibular Shaft)

Surgery / Invasive

Intramedullary Nailing (Humeral Shaft Fracture)

Surgery / Invasive

Intramedullary Nailing (Humeral Shaft)

Surgery / Invasive

Intramedullary Nailing (Tibial Shaft Fracture)

Surgery / Invasive

Intramedullary Nailing - Tibial Shaft Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring (IONM)

Other Procedure

Intrathecal Baclofen Pump Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Intravascular Lithotripsy

Surgery / Invasive

Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL)

Surgery / Invasive

Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) of Coronary Artery

Surgery / Invasive

Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS)

Diagnostic Intervention

Intravenous Etelcalcetide (Parsabiv) Administration

Injection / Infusion

Intravenous Iron Replacement Protocol (Ferric Carboxymaltose)

Injection / Infusion

Intravenous Rituximab Infusion Protocol for Glomerular Disease

Injection / Infusion

Intravesical BCG Instillation

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Intravesical Botox Injection

Surgery / Invasive

Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injection (Lucentis/Eylea/Avastin)

Surgery / Invasive

Intussusception Reduction (Air Enema)

Surgery / Invasive

Isolated Limb Perfusion (ILP)

Surgery / Invasive

K-wire Removal (Superficial)

Surgery / Invasive

Kasai Procedure (Hepatoportoenterostomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Kidney Function Tests

Other Procedure

Kidney function tests (e.g., serum creatinine, BUN, urinalysis)

Other Procedure

Kienbock's Disease Treatment (e.g., Radial Shortening Osteotomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Kienbock's Disease Treatment (e.g., Radial Shortening)

Surgery / Invasive

Knee Arthroscopy & Partial Meniscectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Knee Arthroscopy (Diagnostic)

Surgery / Invasive

Knee Arthroscopy (Diagnostic/Debridement)

Surgery / Invasive

Knee Osteoarthritis Exercise Program

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Surgery / Invasive

Kyphoplasty/Vertebroplasty for Pathologic Oncologic Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis)

Surgery / Invasive

LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure)

Surgery / Invasive

LVAD Implantation (HeartMate 3)

Surgery / Invasive

LVAD Implantation - Bridge to Transplant

Surgery / Invasive

LVAD Implantation - Destination Therapy

Surgery / Invasive

Labiaplasty (Wedge Resection)

Surgery / Invasive

Laminectomy (Decompression)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Band (LAGB)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy (BSO)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Central Pancreatectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy with Splenectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Dor Fundoplication (Anterior 180)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Hiatal Hernia Repair (Cruroplasty)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair (TAPP)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair (TEP)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Left Lateral Sectionectomy (LLS)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Liver Resection (Segmentectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Myomectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication (360 degree)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Repair of Paraesophageal Hernia (Type IV)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Right Hepatectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Toupet Fundoplication (270 degree)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair (IPOM)

Surgery / Invasive

Laparoscopic Whipple (Pancreaticoduodenectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Lariat Procedure

Surgery / Invasive

Laser Atherectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Laser Lead Extraction

Surgery / Invasive

Latarjet Procedure (Shoulder Stabilization)

Surgery / Invasive

Lateral Ankle Ligament Reconstruction (Brostrom/Modified Brostrom)

Surgery / Invasive

Lateral Epicondyle Release (Tennis Elbow Surgery)

Surgery / Invasive

Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF/XLIF/DLIF)

Surgery / Invasive

Latissimus Dorsi Flap (Pedicled)

Surgery / Invasive

Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Le Fort I Osteotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Le Fort II Osteotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Le Fort III Osteotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Leadless Pacemaker (Micra)

Surgery / Invasive

Left Atrial Appendage Closure (Amplatzer Amulet/Watchman FLX)

Surgery / Invasive

Left Atrial Appendage Closure (Watchman)

Surgery / Invasive

Left Heart Catheterization

Diagnostic Intervention

Left Hemicolectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Left Ventriculography

Diagnostic Intervention

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (Osteotomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Levator Advancement

Surgery / Invasive

Limberg (Rhomboid) Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Lobectomy (VATS or Open)

Surgery / Invasive

Long Arm Cast Application

Other Procedure

Long Arm Cast Application (Fiberglass/Plaster)

Other Procedure

Long Leg Cast Application

Other Procedure

Long Leg Cast Application (Fiberglass/Plaster)

Other Procedure

Loop Recorder Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Loop Recorder Removal

Surgery / Invasive

Low Anterior Resection (LAR)

Surgery / Invasive

Lumbar Laminectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Lumbar Laminectomy & Discectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Lumbar Microdiscectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)

Diagnostic Intervention

Lumbar Spinal Fusion (TLIF)

Surgery / Invasive

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis/Disc Herniation Rehabilitation

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Lumbar Spine Stabilization Program

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Lung Transplantation (Single/Bilateral)

Surgery / Invasive

Lymphovenous Bypass (LVB)

Surgery / Invasive

MAZE Procedure (AF)

Surgery / Invasive

MPFL Reconstruction (Patellar Stabilization)

Surgery / Invasive

MRI-Fusion Targeted Prostate Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

Male Sling Procedure

Surgery / Invasive

Manual Therapy (Mobilization/Manipulation)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Marginal Excision of Soft Tissue Mass (Lipoma/Fibroma)

Surgery / Invasive

Masseteric Nerve Transfer

Surgery / Invasive

Mastopexy (Auto-augmentation)

Surgery / Invasive

Maxillofacial ORIF (Open Reduction Internal Fixation)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Mechanical Lead Extraction

Surgery / Invasive

Medial Epicondyle Release (Golfer's Elbow Surgery)

Surgery / Invasive

Mediastinoscopy

Surgery / Invasive

Medical Thoracoscopy (Pleuroscopy)

Surgery / Invasive

Meniscectomy (Arthroscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Meniscus Repair (Arthroscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Methacholine Challenge Test

Diagnostic Intervention

Microdiscectomy (Lumbar)

Surgery / Invasive

Microscopic Vasovasostomy (Vasectomy Reversal)

Surgery / Invasive

Microsurgical Nerve Repair / Graft

Surgery / Invasive

Microsurgical Varicocelectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Microvolt T-Wave Alternans

Diagnostic Intervention

Mid-Urethral Sling (TVT/TOT)

Surgery / Invasive

Midface Lift (SOOF suspension)

Surgery / Invasive

Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (Mini-PCNL)

Surgery / Invasive

Minimally Invasive CABG (MIDCAB)

Surgery / Invasive

Minimally Invasive Direct CABG (MIDCAB)

Surgery / Invasive

MitraClip Procedure

Surgery / Invasive

Mitral Valve Repair (Annuloplasty)

Surgery / Invasive

Mitral Valve Repair - Complex

Surgery / Invasive

Mitral Valve Repair - Minimally Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Mitral Valve Replacement - Bioprosthetic

Surgery / Invasive

Mitral Valve Replacement - Mechanical

Surgery / Invasive

Mitrofanoff Appendicovesicostomy

Surgery / Invasive

Mohs Defect Reconstruction (Local Flap)

Surgery / Invasive

Motorized Spiral Enteroscopy (PowerSpiral)

Diagnostic Intervention

Mucosal Ablation (ARMA - Stretta)

Surgery / Invasive

Multiligament Knee Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)

Diagnostic Intervention

Surgery / Invasive

Myringotomy with Tympanostomy Tube Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

NOTES - Cholecystectomy (Hybrid)

Surgery / Invasive

NOTES - Transgastric Appendectomy (Animal study)

Surgery / Invasive

NOTES - Transgastric Peritoneoscopy

Surgery / Invasive

Nail Avulsion/Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Nail Avulsion/Excision (Ingrown Toenail)

Surgery / Invasive

Navigational Bronchoscopy (Electromagnetic)

Diagnostic Intervention

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)

Diagnostic Intervention

Surgery / Invasive

Nerve Block (Suprascapular Nerve Block)

Injection / Infusion

Nerve Block (Suprascapular)

Injection / Infusion

Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS)

Diagnostic Intervention

Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) / EMG

Other Procedure

Nerve Decompression

Surgery / Invasive

Nerve Decompression/Repair (Major Peripheral Nerve)

Surgery / Invasive

Nerve Repair/Graft (Hand/Wrist)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Newborn Circumcision

Surgery / Invasive

Nonunion/Malunion Correction

Surgery / Invasive

Nuclear Stress Test (SPECT)

Diagnostic Intervention

Nutritional Counseling (Bone Health)

Other Procedure

ORIF - Acetabular Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Ankle Fracture (Unimalleolar/Bimalleolar/Trimalleolar)

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Calcaneus Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Clavicle Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Distal Humerus Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Distal Radius Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Femoral Condyle Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Femoral Neck Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Femur Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Lisfranc Injury

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Lisfranc Injury (Midfoot)

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Metacarpal Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Metatarsal Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Olecranon Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Patella Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Pelvic Ring Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Phalangeal Fracture (Finger/Thumb)

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Phalangeal Fracture (Foot)

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Pilon Fracture (Distal Tibia)

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Proximal Humerus Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Radial Head Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Scaphoid Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Scapula Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Subtrochanteric Femur Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Talus Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Tibia Plateau Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

ORIF - Tibial Plateau Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

Omental Free Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Open Cholecystectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Open Incisional Biopsy of Bone/Soft Tissue Tumor

Surgery / Invasive

Open Inguinal Hernia Repair (Lichtenstein)

Surgery / Invasive

Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) - Ankle

Surgery / Invasive

Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) - Ankle Fracture

Surgery / Invasive

Open Reduction for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)

Surgery / Invasive

Open Rotator Cuff Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Open Simple Prostatectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Diagnostic Intervention

Optical Internal Urethrotomy (DVIU)

Surgery / Invasive

Orbital Atherectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Orthognathic Surgery (BSSO / Le Fort I)

Surgery / Invasive

Orthotopic Neobladder Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Osteoarthritis Management Exercise Program (Knee/Hip)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation (OCA) (Knee)

Surgery / Invasive

PASCAL Mitral Repair System

Surgery / Invasive

PCI - Bare Metal Stent

Surgery / Invasive

PCI - Bare Metal Stent (BMS)

Surgery / Invasive

PCI - Bioresorbable Scaffold

Surgery / Invasive

PCI - Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold

Surgery / Invasive

PCI - Drug Eluting Stent

Surgery / Invasive

PCL Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

PET Stress Test

Diagnostic Intervention

Surgery / Invasive

POEM - Failed Heller myotomy

Surgery / Invasive

POEM - Sigmoid esophagus

Surgery / Invasive

PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma) Injection - Knee

Injection / Infusion

Surgery / Invasive

Pacemaker - Dual Chamber

Surgery / Invasive

Pacemaker - Dual Chamber (DDD)

Surgery / Invasive

Pacemaker - Leadless (Micra)

Surgery / Invasive

Pacemaker - Single Chamber

Surgery / Invasive

Pacemaker - Single Chamber (VVI)

Surgery / Invasive

Panretinal Photocoagulation (PRP) Laser

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Paracentesis (HF)

Other Procedure

Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV)

Surgery / Invasive

Partial Calcanectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Partial or Total Sacrectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Pasteurized Autograft Reimplantation

Surgery / Invasive

Patellofemoral Arthroplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Rehabilitation

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure

Surgery / Invasive

Patient Education (Condition Specific)

Other Procedure

Pediatric Spica Cast Application

Surgery / Invasive

Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection (PLND)

Surgery / Invasive

Penile Fracture Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Penile Prosthesis Implantation (Inflatable 3-Piece)

Surgery / Invasive

Penile Prosthesis Implantation (Malleable)

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) - Drug-Eluting Stent

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA)

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) - Nephrology Peri-Op Management

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) - Standard

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Nephrostomy Tube Placement

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Nephrostomy Tube Placement (Allograft)

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Parathyroid Ethanol Injection (PEIT)

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Transluminal Septal Myocardial Ablation (PTSMA)

Surgery / Invasive

Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Native Kidney Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

Peri-acetabular Osteotomy (PAO) (Ganz Osteotomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Periacetabular Tumor Reconstruction (Harrington Procedure)

Surgery / Invasive

Pericardial Window

Other Procedure

Pericardiectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Pericardiocentesis

Other Procedure

Pericardiocentesis - Ultrasound Guided

Other Procedure

Peripheral Nerve Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Peritoneal Equilibration Test (PET)

Diagnostic Intervention

Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM)

Surgery / Invasive

Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) - Classic

Surgery / Invasive

Peyronie's Plaque Incision and Grafting

Surgery / Invasive

Peyronie's Plication (Nesbit Procedure)

Surgery / Invasive

Phacoemulsification with IOL Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Phalloplasty: Anterolateral Thigh (ALT)

Surgery / Invasive

Phalloplasty: Radial Forearm Free Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Pharyngeal Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Photoselective Vaporization of Prostate (GreenLight PVP)

Surgery / Invasive

Phototherapy (Bili Lights)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Pigtail Catheter Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Plantar Fascia Injection (Corticosteroid)

Injection / Infusion

Plantar Fascia Injection (Steroid)

Injection / Infusion

Plantar Fascia Release (Open/Endoscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Plaque Excision (Directional Atherectomy)

Other Procedure

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection

Injection / Infusion

Platysmaplasty (Corset)

Surgery / Invasive

Pleurectomy / Decortication

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS)

Diagnostic Intervention

Polydactyly Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Polysomnography (Diagnostic Sleep Study)

Diagnostic Intervention

Polysomnography (Sleep Study)

Diagnostic Intervention

Post-Fracture Rehabilitation (Upper/Lower Limb)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Post-Op ACL Reconstruction Rehabilitation Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Post-Op ACL Rehab Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Posterior Cervical Fusion (PCF)

Surgery / Invasive

Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF)

Surgery / Invasive

Posterior Spinal Fusion (Thoracic/Lumbar - multi-level)

Surgery / Invasive

Posterior Tibial Tendon Reconstruction (Flatfoot)

Surgery / Invasive

Pre-operative Embolization of Bone Tumor

Surgery / Invasive

Primary Obesity Surgery Endoluminal (POSE 2.0)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Prophylactic Intramedullary Nailing (Femur)

Surgery / Invasive

Prophylactic Intramedullary Nailing (Humerus)

Surgery / Invasive

Proximal Fibulectomy (Tumor Resection)

Surgery / Invasive

Proximal Tibial Osteotomy for Genu Varum (Bow-Leg)

Surgery / Invasive

Pterygium Excision with Conjunctival Autograft

Surgery / Invasive

Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Pulmonary Valve Replacement

Surgery / Invasive

Punctal Plug Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST)

Diagnostic Intervention

RVAD Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Radical Cystectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Radical Inguinal Orchiectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Radical Nephrectomy (Laparoscopic/Open)

Surgery / Invasive

Radical Nephroureterectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Radical Prostatectomy (Robot-Assisted/Laparoscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Radical Resection of Bone Tumor (Limb Salvage)

Surgery / Invasive

Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) of Osteoid Osteoma

Surgery / Invasive

Ray Amputation (Hand)

Surgery / Invasive

Reduction Mammaplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Reduction of Radial Head Subluxation (Nursemaid's Elbow)

Other Procedure

Referral for Prosthetics/Orthotics

Other Procedure

Referral to Neurology

Other Procedure

Referral to Pain Management

Other Procedure

Referral to Podiatry

Other Procedure

Referral to Rheumatology

Other Procedure

Removable Walking Boot (CAM Walker) Fitting

Other Procedure

Removal of Superficial Hardware

Surgery / Invasive

Renal Denervation

Other Procedure

Renal Function Tests

Other Procedure

Renal Replacement Therapy (e.g., Hemodialysis, CRRT)

Other Procedure

Renal Sympathetic Denervation

Surgery / Invasive

Renal Ultrasound

Other Procedure

Other Procedure

Renal biopsy (if etiology is unclear or to assess severity)

Other Procedure

Replantation of Digit

Surgery / Invasive

Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS)

Surgery / Invasive

Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS)

Surgery / Invasive

Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND)

Surgery / Invasive

Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Reverse Sural Artery Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (rTSA)

Surgery / Invasive

Rezum Water Vapor Therapy

Surgery / Invasive

Rhinoplasty (Open/Closed)

Surgery / Invasive

Rhytidectomy (Facelift)

Surgery / Invasive

Right Heart Catheterization

Diagnostic Intervention

Right Hemicolectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Rigid Bronchoscopy

Surgery / Invasive

Robotic CABG (TECAB)

Surgery / Invasive

Robotic Partial Nephrectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Root Canal Therapy (Endodontic Treatment)

Surgery / Invasive

Rotational Atherectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Rotationplasty (Van Nes Procedure)

Surgery / Invasive

Rotator Cuff Repair (Arthroscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Rotator Cuff Repair Rehabilitation Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Surgery / Invasive

Sacral Neuromodulation (InterStim) Implant

Surgery / Invasive

Sacroiliac (SI) Joint Fusion

Surgery / Invasive

Sacroiliac (SI) Joint Injection (Corticosteroid)

Injection / Infusion

Salter Innominate Osteotomy (DDH)

Surgery / Invasive

Scaling and Root Planing (SRP)

Surgery / Invasive

Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Scapular Tip Free Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Scoliosis Correction (Posterior Spinal Fusion)

Surgery / Invasive

Scoliosis Spinal Fusion

Surgery / Invasive

Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR)

Surgery / Invasive

Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT)

Surgery / Invasive

Septal Myectomy (HOCM)

Surgery / Invasive

Short Arm Cast Application

Other Procedure

Short Arm Cast Application (Fiberglass/Plaster)

Other Procedure

Short Leg Cast Application

Other Procedure

Short Leg Cast Application (Fiberglass/Plaster)

Other Procedure

Shoulder Arthroplasty (Total)

Surgery / Invasive

Shoulder Arthroscopy & Rotator Cuff Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Shoulder Arthroscopy (Diagnostic)

Surgery / Invasive

Shoulder Arthroscopy (Diagnostic/Debridement)

Surgery / Invasive

Shoulder Impingement Rehab Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Shoulder Impingement Syndrome Rehabilitation

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Signal-Averaged ECG

Diagnostic Intervention

Signal-Averaged ECG (SAECG)

Diagnostic Intervention

Single-Balloon Enteroscopy (SBE)

Diagnostic Intervention

Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)

Diagnostic Intervention

Skin Biopsy for Nerve Fiber Density

Surgery / Invasive

Skin Expander Placement (Craniofacial)

Surgery / Invasive

Smoking Cessation Counseling

Other Procedure

Soft Tissue Mass Biopsy

Other Procedure

Soft Tissue Mass Biopsy (Core Needle, US-Guided)

Diagnostic Intervention

Soft Tissue Sarcoma Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Spacer Placement (Infected Arthroplasty)

Surgery / Invasive

Spermatocelectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Sphincter Pharyngoplasty

Surgery / Invasive

Spica Cast Application (Hip/Thumb)

Other Procedure

Spinal Cord Stimulator (SCS) Trial

Surgery / Invasive

Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Spinal Decompression and Stabilization (Posterior)

Surgery / Invasive

Spinal Deformity Correction (Adult)

Surgery / Invasive

Spinal Fusion for Scoliosis (Pediatric)

Surgery / Invasive

Spinal Tumor Excision

Surgery / Invasive

Spinal Tumor Excision (Laminectomy/Corpectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Spiral Enteroscopy (SE)

Diagnostic Intervention

Spirometry (Pre and Post Bronchodilator)

Diagnostic Intervention

Splint Application (Sugar Tong/Coaptation/Back Slab)

Other Procedure

Split-Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)

Surgery / Invasive

Other Procedure

Stereotactic Radiosurgery (Gamma Knife)

Surgery / Invasive

Sternal Wound Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Strabismus Surgery (Recession/Resection)

Surgery / Invasive

Stress ECG (Treadmill)

Diagnostic Intervention

Stress Echo (Dobutamine)

Diagnostic Intervention

Stress Echo (Exercise)

Diagnostic Intervention

Subacromial Bursa Injection (Corticosteroid)

Injection / Infusion

Subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD)

Surgery / Invasive

Subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Subtalar Arthrodesis (Fusion)

Surgery / Invasive

Suction-Assisted Lipectomy (Liposuction)

Surgery / Invasive

Sugar Tong Splint Application

Other Procedure

Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator (SGAP) Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Supramicrosurgical Anastomosis

Surgery / Invasive

Suprapubic Catheter Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Sural Nerve Graft

Surgery / Invasive

Sural Nerve Graft Harvest

Surgery / Invasive

Surgical Correction of Mallet Finger

Surgery / Invasive

Surgical Extraction of Impacted Wisdom Tooth

Surgery / Invasive

Surgical Tracheostomy

Surgery / Invasive

Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis (SLED / PIRRT)

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Other Procedure

Suture-Mediated Vascular Closure

Other Procedure

Sweat Test Administration

Diagnostic Intervention

Syme Amputation (Ankle Disarticulation)

Surgery / Invasive

Syndactyly Release

Surgery / Invasive

TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve)

Surgery / Invasive

TEVAR (Thoracic Endovascular Repair)

Surgery / Invasive

TIF with Hiatal Hernia Repair (cTIF)

Surgery / Invasive

TMJ Arthrocentesis / Arthroscopy

Surgery / Invasive

TMVR (Transcatheter Mitral Valve)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

TRUS-Guided Prostate Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

TandemHeart Insertion

Other Procedure

Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR)

Surgery / Invasive

Tarsal Tunnel Release

Surgery / Invasive

Tendon Transfer

Surgery / Invasive

Tendon Transfer (Hand/Wrist)

Surgery / Invasive

Tendon Transfer (e.g., Foot Drop)

Surgery / Invasive

Testicular Prosthesis Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA)

Surgery / Invasive

Testicular Sperm Extraction (micro-TESE)

Surgery / Invasive

Therapeutic Hypothermia

Other Procedure

Therapeutic Hypothermia (Targeted Temperature Management)

Other Procedure

Therapeutic Phlebotomy for Post-Transplant Erythrocytosis

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Other Procedure

Thoracentesis (Diagnostic/Therapeutic)

Surgery / Invasive

Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair (Crawford)

Surgery / Invasive

Thoracoacromial Artery Perforator Flap

Surgery / Invasive

Thrombectomy (Aspiration)

Other Procedure

Thulium Laser Enucleation of Prostate (ThuLEP)

Surgery / Invasive

Tibial Osteotomy for Genu Varum (Bow-Leg)

Surgery / Invasive

Tikhoff-Linberg Procedure

Surgery / Invasive

Tilt Table Test

Diagnostic Intervention

Tissue Expander Insertion

Surgery / Invasive

Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy (T&A)

Surgery / Invasive

Torticollis Release (Sternocleidomastoid Myotomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Artificial Heart (SynCardia)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Artificial Heart (TAH)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Calcanectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Total Claviculectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Total Elbow Arthroplasty (TEA)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Femur Replacement

Surgery / Invasive

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) - Primary

Surgery / Invasive

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) - Revision

Surgery / Invasive

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) - Primary

Surgery / Invasive

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) - Revision

Surgery / Invasive

Total Knee Arthroplasty Rehabilitation Protocol

Surgery / Invasive

Total Knee Replacement Rehab Protocol

Physical / Respiratory Therapy

Total Scapulectomy

Surgery / Invasive

Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA)

Surgery / Invasive

Total Talectomy (Astragalectomy)

Surgery / Invasive

Totally Endoscopic CABG (TECAB)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Tracheal Shave (Chondrolaryngoplasty)

Surgery / Invasive

Transbronchial Lung Biopsy (TBLB)

Surgery / Invasive

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)

Surgery / Invasive

Transcatheter Caval Valve Implantation (CAVI)

Surgery / Invasive

Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair (MitraClip)

Surgery / Invasive

Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement (TMVR)

Surgery / Invasive

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement (TPVR)

Surgery / Invasive

Transcatheter Tricuspid Edge-to-Edge Repair (TEER)

Surgery / Invasive

Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair (TriClip)

Surgery / Invasive

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Other Procedure

Transcutaneous Pacing

Other Procedure

Transfemoral PCI

Surgery / Invasive

Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF)

Surgery / Invasive

Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF 2.0)

Surgery / Invasive

Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF)

Surgery / Invasive

Transperineal Prostate Biopsy

Diagnostic Intervention

Transradial PCI

Surgery / Invasive

Transurethral Incision of Prostate (TUIP)

Surgery / Invasive

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT)

Surgery / Invasive

Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP)

Surgery / Invasive

Transvenous Temporary Pacemaker

Other Procedure

TriClip (Tricuspid Repair)

Surgery / Invasive

Triceps Tendon Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Tricuspid Valve Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Tricuspid Valve Replacement

Surgery / Invasive

Trigger Finger Release

Surgery / Invasive

Trigger Point Injection

Injection / Infusion

Trigger Point Injection (Myofascial Pain)

Injection / Infusion

Triple Arthrodesis (Foot Fusion)

Surgery / Invasive

Triple Valve Surgery

Surgery / Invasive

Trochanteric Bursa Injection (Corticosteroid)

Injection / Infusion

Trochanteric Bursa Injection (Steroid)

Injection / Infusion

Tubal Ligation (Laparoscopic)

Surgery / Invasive

Tube Thoracostomy (Chest Tube Insertion)

Surgery / Invasive

Tumor Endoprosthetic Reconstruction

Surgery / Invasive

Tumor Endoprosthetic Reconstruction (Distal Femur)

Surgery / Invasive

Tumor Endoprosthetic Reconstruction (Proximal Femur)

Surgery / Invasive

Tumor Endoprosthetic Reconstruction (Proximal Humerus)

Surgery / Invasive

Tumor Endoprosthetic Reconstruction (Proximal Tibia)

Surgery / Invasive

Tunneled Pleural Catheter (PleurX) Placement

Surgery / Invasive

Type I Pelvic Resection (Ilium)

Surgery / Invasive

Type II Pelvic Resection (Periacetabular)

Surgery / Invasive

Type III Pelvic Resection (Ischium/Pubis)

Surgery / Invasive

Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Reconstruction (Tommy John Surgery)

Surgery / Invasive

Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Reconstruction (Tommy John)

Surgery / Invasive

Ulnar Nerve Transposition (Cubital Tunnel Release)

Surgery / Invasive

Umbilical Vein Catheterization (UVC)

Surgery / Invasive

Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA)

Surgery / Invasive

Urea Kinetic Modeling (Kt/V and URR Calculation)

Diagnostic Intervention

Ureteroscopy (URS) with Laser Lithotripsy

Surgery / Invasive

Urethroplasty (Buccal Mucosal Graft)

Surgery / Invasive

UroLift System Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Urodynamic Studies (UDS) - Complete

Diagnostic Intervention

Uroflowmetry with Post-Void Residual

Diagnostic Intervention

V-Y Advancement Flap

Surgery / Invasive

VATS (Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery)

Surgery / Invasive

VATS Bullectomy and Pleurodesis

Surgery / Invasive

VATS Lung Biopsy (Wedge Resection)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Vaginal Delivery (Normal Spontaneous - NSVD)

Surgery / Invasive

Vaginoplasty: Penile Inversion

Surgery / Invasive

Vaginoplasty: Robotic Intestinal

Surgery / Invasive

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)

Other Procedure

Vagus Nerve Stimulator (VNS) Implantation

Surgery / Invasive

Vascular Repair (Trauma - with Vascular Surgeon)

Surgery / Invasive

Vascular Repair (Trauma)

Surgery / Invasive

Vascularized Free Fibular Flap (Reconstruction)

Surgery / Invasive

Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer (VLNT)

Surgery / Invasive

Vasectomy (No-Scalpel)

Surgery / Invasive

Vasoepididymostomy

Surgery / Invasive

Vein of Marshall Ethanol Ablation

Surgery / Invasive

Veno-Arterial ECMO Weaning and Decannulation

Surgery / Invasive

Ventricular Septal Defect Closure

Surgery / Invasive

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) Shunt Placement

Surgery / Invasive

Vertebral Body Tethering (Scoliosis)

Surgery / Invasive

Surgery / Invasive

Vesicovaginal Fistula Repair

Surgery / Invasive

Viscosupplementation Injection - Knee (Hyaluronic Acid)

Injection / Infusion

Weight Management Counseling

Other Procedure

Wide Local Excision of Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Surgery / Invasive

Wrist Arthrodesis (Fusion)

Surgery / Invasive

YAG Laser Capsulotomy

Surgery / Invasive

Z-Plasty Scar Revision

Surgery / Invasive

Zenker's Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (Z-POEM)

Surgery / Invasive

ankle osteoarthritis

Other Procedure

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